학급 수업 자료 · Wildlife · 🇧🇬 Bulgaria

Dalmatian Pelican

The world's largest flying bird, nesting in Bulgaria's lakes

A huge Dalmatian pelican on a lake, its curly head feathers and enormous orange beak clearly visible

Photo · Wikimedia Commons

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The Dalmatian pelican is the largest flying bird in the world. It can weigh up to 15 kilograms and have a wingspan of nearly three metres - wider than a family car is long. Bulgaria is home to one of the most important nesting colonies of Dalmatian pelicans in Europe, in the wetlands near the Danube River and on the Black Sea coast.

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Everything about the Dalmatian pelican is big. Its beak is enormous - up to 45 centimetres long - and underneath it hangs a stretchy pouch that can hold three times as much as its own stomach. When it dives its beak into the water to scoop up fish, the pouch expands like a net, trapping a whole school of small fish at once.

Dalmatian pelicans have curly, silvery-white plumage and bright orange-red pouches. In the breeding season the males' pouches and the patch around their eyes turn vivid orange and red to impress the females. They nest on floating reed islands in the middle of lakes, safe from most land predators.

Pelicans are sociable birds and often fish cooperatively. A line of pelicans will swim together in a crescent shape, herding fish into shallow water where they are easy to scoop up. Then they all dip their beaks in together. It is one of the most organised fishing strategies in the bird world.

The Dalmatian pelican is rare - there are only a few thousand left on Earth. Conservation efforts in Bulgaria, including protecting wetland habitats and reducing disturbance near nesting colonies, have helped keep the Bulgarian population stable. Birdwatchers travel from all over Europe to see them on Lake Srebarna, a UNESCO World Heritage site near the Danube.

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토론 질문

  1. 01The pelican's pouch can hold three times more than its stomach. Can you think of other animals with body parts that are especially useful tools for getting food?
  2. 02Pelicans fish cooperatively by working as a team. What other animals hunt or work together? Why might teamwork be useful for finding food?
  3. 03There are only a few thousand Dalmatian pelicans left. Why do you think it is important to protect rare animals, even very large ones that might seem able to look after themselves?
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학급 활동

Compare the Dalmatian pelican to something you know: its wingspan is nearly 3 metres. Measure 3 metres on the floor with a tape measure or string, then lie down - how many of you lying head-to-toe does it take to match a pelican's wingspan? Write the answer and draw the pelican next to a human figure to show the scale.

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